Glioma associated proteins - a group of transcription factors which regulate expression of Hedgehog target genes. Phosphorylation of GLI proteins by PKA-C leads to their degradation while the activation of SMO receptor helps retain their function.

G-protein coupled receptor - a group of eukaryotic membrane receptors consisting of seven transmembrane domains and commonly couple with G proteins to transmit extracellular signals.

A group of proteins that interact with G-protein coupled receptors to transmit signals from various extracellular stimuli. They have the ability to bind to and convert GTP (guanosine triphosphate) to GDP (guanosine diphosphate).

A signaling pathway involving hedgehog proteins that plays central roles in embryonic development and proper cell differentiation. Abnormalities in this pathway could lead to cancer.

Catalytic subunit of protein kinase A - a cAMP-dependent kinase protein that phosphorylates glioma-associated (GLI) transcription factor downstream of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which leads to the degradation of GLI and suppresses Hedgehog target genes expression.

Protein kinase inhibitor motif - a region in mouse Smoothened protein cytosolic tail that directly interacts and inhibits PKA-C activity by acting as a pseudosubstrate.

A non-motile membrane protrusion present in many mammalian cell types. It serves as a specialized compartment for many physiological processes, including various signal transduction pathways like Hedgehog.

Smoothened - a class F G-protein coupled receptor that is central in the Hedgehog signaling pathway. A noncanonical GPCR, SMO directly binds to its effector protein PKA-C via a pseudosubstrate motif in its cytosolic tail, leading to the activation of Hedgehog target genes downstream.